Reproductive Rights Women s Fight For Control - 1485 Words

Reproductive Rights: Women’s Fight for Control Women having been fighting for equal rights for many years. Because of our genitalia, we will be paid less, we will be judged more, and we will have to fight to protect our basic human rights. Most women are born with the amazing ability to carry life; this is a blessing and a curse. Because of this ability, some people believe that a woman’s body is not completely her own, but that the government has rights to that body as well. We have been fighting to control our own bodies for many years. All women must understand that fighting for our reproductive rights is not just a simple pro-life or pro-choice battle, but a complex fight to teach proper sex education, maintain women’s health facilities, and protect our essential human rights. The battle for reproductive rights began well over a hundred years ago. At a time when families were producing more children than they could afford to feed, many women were seeking primitive forms of birth control and undergoing abortions. It was in the 1860s that a postal inspector turned politician named Anthony Comstock, in partnership with the Young Men’s Christian Association, set out on a crusade to condemn all forms of birth control and any kind of abortion by claiming they violated â€Å"anti-obscenity laws† (Baer). These men eventually succeeded and created the Comstock Laws in 1873 that prohibited all â€Å"sales, advertising, or information on birth control† (Baer). As long as there have beenShow MoreRelatedPro Choice Vs. Abortion1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe women’s movements started in the early 1970’s, a question sometimes asked is that, if part of the population are so pro-life and worry about protecting a fetus, how come when the child is conceived they suddenly bash at you for having that unwanted child anyways, and that is hypocritical. In this essay, details include would be why people choose to be pro-choice, NARAL Pro-Choice America, the battle for reproductive justice for women and their right to make decisions for their body, advocates thatRead MoreWomen s Rights : Women Of Color Organize For Reproductive Justice By Jael Silliman1326 Words   |  6 PagesSince the dawn of American culture, women have been oppressed. Due to inequalities in the hierarchy of social power, women have been targeted for discrimination. However, women have not sat quietly and let the â€Å"man† dictate their lives. Through movement ra ised through women of all cultures, change has come to all American women. Racism, homophobia and classism created hardships for the American women who rebled through reproductive justice organizations, anarcho-syndicalism, and embracement of theirRead MoreKilling The Black Body By Dorothy Roberts1347 Words   |  6 PagesDorothy Roberts describes the history of African-American women and the dehumanizing attempts to control their reproductive lives. Beginning with slavery, to the early beginning of birth control policy, to the sterilization abuse of Black women during the 1960s and 1970s, continuing with the current campaign to inject Norplant and Depo-Provera along with welfare mothers, Roberts argues that the systematic, institutionalized denial of reproductive freedom has uniquely marked Black women’s history in AmericaRead MoreWomen s Rights And Health Care1713 Words   |  7 PagesWomen make up just slightly over half the U.S population (US Census Bureau, 2010) and sh ould not be even considered a part of a minority group. The female population should acquire the same equal research attention as men do, especially when it comes to health issues. The unavoidable, yet quite simple realities of breastfeeding, menstruation, menopause, along with pregnancy require special scrutiny from medical experts. Those medical specialties are generally referred as gynecologists or obstetricsRead MoreEssay Caribbean Women1674 Words   |  7 Pagesas independent states, women have been able to break the glass ceiling and rise to the highest levels, including the office of the Prime Minister, and despite laws which protect the rights of women, inequality between men and women remains widespread and deep rooted in many cultural practices and traditions. Like other women in developing countries, Caribbean women face though choices every day,- choices where cultural tradition often conflict with their human rights. Women who chose to have childrenRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel quot;The Handmaid#39;s Talequot; written by Margaret Atwood in 1985 is a fictional novel about Gilead, a place ruled by male religious fundamentalists who rape women labeled as handmaids to bear children for infertile wives. The society encourages the enslavement of women to control their reproductive rights. While Atwood’s novel depicts a fictional place, it describes a very real reality in modern day America. In America and other parts other world, women are constantly treated as inferiorRead MoreWomen s Issue Paper : Abortion1285 Words   |  6 Pagestermination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy (Abortion-Dictionary.com ). One in every three women have an abortion by the age of 45 (Operation Rescue Inc). Though the act of abortion is common it has been an emotionally draining debate since the mid 1970’s, but has always been a hot topic since the 1800’s. There are two sides to this debate. One side is pro-life, in which people believe abortion should be illegal to protect the unborn baby. The otherRead MoreThe Historical Development Of Feminism1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Urban dictionary, feminism is defined as â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. It is the belief that all people are entitled to the same civil rights and liberties and can be intellectual equals regardless of gender. The basic idea of feminism revolves around the principle that biological elements need not dictate intellectual and social functions, capabilities, and rights.† What is the feminist movement? According to Wikipedia, theRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1575 Words   |  7 Pagescase, Ms. Brenneman said she was a 21-year-old junior at Harvard when her birth control failed and she had an abortion. ‘It allowed me to choose when to become a mother,’ she said. ‘As a mother now, I know I was correct at 21†¦ I didn’t have a college degree†¦ I didn’t have an income. I didn’t have a marriage. I didn’t have anything a child needs. And I didn’t want it† (Liptak, 2016). Brenneman, among the 24% of women who will undergo an abortion during their lifetime by the age of 45, chose the bestRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pageswomen’s rights in the Unites States have been silenced and taken control of for a longtime. Throughout U.S. history women’s power and place in society has been diminished because of patriarchy. The overwhelming number of m en in the government has made women’s right to reproductive health one of the most controversial issues in politics. Every year new laws and bills get passed that seems to limit women’s choice about their own body. The government has taken into its own hand to decide what women should

The Parents Of Serial Killers Essay Example For Students

The : Parents Of Serial Killers Essay Creating Monsters and Getting Away With It. Analyzing the data available on numerous, infamous serial killers, it appears that childhood abuse, neglect and in many cases torture, is the one common thread linking all murderers labeled: serial killers. Among the hundreds of reports and studies available, no one will find the parents of serial killers having been jailed or punished in any way for the monsters they have created. Even though the facts disclose many acts of brutality perpetrated on these children, by the parents. The facts in this report will expose the physical and mental torture, sexual abuse, environments filled with mayhem, and hideous actions of the parents of these serial killers. The parents of serial killers are to blame for this pathetic species of what is loosely referred to as â€Å"human beings†. Otherwise, there are little, if any, human characteristics that mirror the average human being in society. The parents of all serial killers should be held responsible for the monsters they set forth to c reate. A severe punishment should be imposed on these sadistic, abusive parents for harvesting this breed of human being into our society. Childhood abuse and neglect may not be the sole excuse for serial killers, but it is an undeniable factor in their backgrounds. In his book Serial Killers, Joel Norris describes the cycles of violence as generational: Parents who abuse their children, physically as well as psychologically, instill in them an almost instinctive reliance upon violence as a first resort to any challenge. Childhood abuse not only spawns violent reactions, but also affects the child’s health, including brain injuries, malnutrition, and other developmental disorders (8-12). In many cases the mothers overstep acceptable boundaries, exposing their children to inappropriate sexual behavior. Bobby Jo Long killed women he characterized as whores and sluts, who he said reminded him of his own mom (4). She had frequent sex with men in the same room where Bobby slept. According to Long, he shared his bed with his mother until he was 13 years old. Henry Lee Lucas suffered gender confusion as a child, courtesy of his mother’s sadism. She was a heavy drinker and bootlegger. For unknown reasons she dressed him as a girl until he was seven. She senselessly beat him after he had his hair cut because his teacher complained. At one point, his mom struck him on back of head with a wooden beam, fracturing his skull, leaving him lying in the yard, in a semi-conscious state for 3 days (Burgess 270-272). Her boyfriend took him to receive medical attention, not his mother. Lucas was also exposed to his mother’s sexual activities. He killed his mother in 1951, w hich began his murderous spree (52-56). The actions of some of the abusive fathers also had a large effect on these killers in their childhood. It is usually the sadistically disciplinarian father that pops up in the serial killer’s family tree. John Gacy’s dad berated his son, calling him a sissy, queer, and a failure. A violent alcoholic, Gacy’s father beat his mother, and shot his son’s dog to punish the child. When Gacy later strangled his young victims, he encouraged them to stay brave while facing death, just as he had experienced when he was a child. â€Å"Through this ritual, Gacy sought to reassert his own vision of a masculine identity that had been squashed down by his father,† wrote Joel Norris (52-56). Albert De Salvo’s father would bring home prostitutes and brutally beat his mother, breaking her fingers one by one as young boy helplessly watched. His father also sold his son off as a slave to a farmer in Maine, while his mothe r went frantically searching for him for six months, a story that has been confirmed by family friends and social workers. De Salvo stated, â€Å"he’d always smash me across the back with a pipe. I didn’t move fast enough.† These examples are minor in comparison to the majority of incidents documented by investigators and experts (Williams 2). Most of these fall back on the child not only being ridiculed and physically beaten, but the violence surrounding them involving other family members had a horrendous effect on them (Williams 2). .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 , .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .postImageUrl , .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 , .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41:hover , .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41:visited , .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41:active { border:0!important; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41:active , .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41 .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3277b257c2376a93ad8fe69b40b15f41:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hockey History EssaySome parents believe that by being harsh disciplinarians, it would â€Å"toughen† the child. Instead, it creates a lack of love between parent and child that can have disastrous results. If the child doesn’t bond with its primary caretakers, there is no foundation for trusting others later in life. This leads to isolation, where intense violent fantasies become the primary source of gratification. â€Å"Instead of developing positive traits of trust, security, and autonomy, child development becomes dependent on fantasy life and its dominant themes, rather than on social interaction,† writes Robert Ressler, Ann Burgess and John Doug las in Sexual Homicide: Patterns and Motives (19). When the child grows up, according to these authors, all they know are their fantasies of domination and control. They have not developed compassion for others. Instead, humans become flattened-out symbols for them to enact their violent fantasies. Ed Gein’s religiously fanatical, notorious mother convinced her son that women were vessels of sin and caused disease. In some sort of twisted misinterpretation, Gein made literal vessels out of women, using their skulls for bowls, and other domestic objects (Douglas 209). Ed’s body may have escaped sexual disease, but his mind was clearly contaminated by his mother’s constant ranting. Joseph Kallinger, adopted by sadistic parents, and after a hernia operation at age 6, his mother told him that the surgery was to keep his penis from growing. As an adult, he believed it had been stunted. A strict disciplinarian, Kallinger’s mother forced him to hold his open han d over a flame, beating him if he cried (Douglas 213). Admittedly, Kemper’s mom was a shrill, tyrannical nag who locked her son in the basement when he grew to six foot, seven inches tall and frightened his sisters. Kallinger grew up taking extreme pleasure in torturing others, and became a sadistic parent himself. After taking an insurance policy out on his 13-year-old son Joey, he slowly drowned him, deaf to his own son’s pleas for mercy. â€Å"I certainly wanted for my son and my mother a nice, quiet easy death like everyone else wants,† said Ed Kemper. His idea of an easy death is markedly unusual. After beheading his mom, he shoved her vocal cords down the garbage disposal, raped her headless body, and placed her head on the living room mantel and used it as a dartboard (Douglas 214). In over one hundred eight case studies, while investigators repeatedly uncovered sadistic torture, sexual abuse and horrendous psychological terror toward the serial killer, i n their childhoods, no charges were ever brought against any of the parents. The Martha Stewart of serial killers, Ed Gein who inspired the movie â€Å"Texas Chainsaw Massacre†, made gruesome home improvements. This included lampshades and seat covers made from human skin, and skulls used for drinking cups. He also made clothing and bracelets out of body parts (sunset 1). Years of physical torture by his mother and father discovered when the killer was finally apprehended confirm the parents played a major role in the way their son turned out as an adult (sunset 1). The evidence concludes that all serial killers have varied forms and degrees of child abuse in their childhood years, involving neglect, physical and mental abuse, varied levels of sadistic torture and abusive surroundings. We can see in each case, the lack of healthy, nurturing parents, whether from simple neglect, inflicting torturous rage, or exposing their children to violent surroundings, created sick, twiste d adolescents and adults. Although, not all directly perpetrated by the parents, as parents we are responsible for creating decent, law-abiding citizens. When it is deemed that a serial killer, or any other type of monster was created through the horrendous acts of the mother or father, the parents should be punished harshly. Sociology Issues

Eliminating Wordiness Qualifiers

When you write for Constant Contentor anyone else (but why would you want to do that?), you should strive for conciseness. Concise writing is free of unnecessary words that clutter your message. Some of these unnecessary words are qualifiers, or words that come before adjectives or adverbs that modify (by increasing or reducing) the quality of those words. Ed is back and ready to share some helpful writing tips! Quite, Rather, Somewhat, Fairly . . . Really? Some qualifiers include: *Quite *Rather *Somewhat *Fairly *Really The above list is not exhaustive. However, if you’ve ever used these words in your writing, you should think carefully about their usefulness (or lack of) and how your sentences will sound with these qualifiers eliminated. In most cases, the deletion of the modifier creates a sentence with more impact. The dollhouse is quite expensive. The dollhouse is expensive. He was rather tired. He was tired. That was fairly easy. That was easy. Notice how quite, rather, and fairly actually weaken the meaning of the above sentences? Remove them to create room for the other words in the sentence to do their job. Very Doesn’t Do What You Want It To A set of qualifiers known as intensifiers often don’t effectively intensify the statement they are meant to modify. Very and extremely are two examples of intensifiers that should be used less often. It’s usually enough to say something is hard or easy, complex or simple, or hot or cold. You don’t need to say something is â€Å"very† this or that. After all, if the weather is so hot that â€Å"hot† doesn’t seem to do justice to the situation, shouldn’t you just describe it as scorching, blazing, sizzling, or sweltering? In other words, let words stand on their own without intensifiers. Or, when you need more emphasis, choose a single word that takes the place of the weak intensifier and the middle-of-the-road adjective or adverb. It was raining very hard. It was pouring. The cake was very tasty. The cake was delicious. Houses in Scottsdale are very large. Houses in Scottsdale are enormous. Once you start excising qualifiers (especially the intensifier very) from your writing, you won’t miss them. Your sentences will be more powerful and expressive. As a result, your writing will be cleaner and exude more confidence. This, of course, will make your writing more attractive to potential buyers and will help you sell more content.

Intersexualism Hermaphrodites essays

Intersexualism Hermaphrodites essays People known in the medical literature as true hermaphrodites have a mixed gonadal structure, ovo-testis, or sometimes one ovary and one testis. It was stated in this interview that the politically correct word for hermaphrodites is now intersexuals because of the mythological origins of hermaphrodite. Most intersexed people have a very, very, hard time with personal issues which surround being born intersexed. There is a relatively small group of "out" intersexuals in the world, a number that is steadily growing, but the vast majority live with the silence, shame, and fear that they learned as a child or teen. I taped an interview from the talk-show Leeza where she interviewed an intersexual person named Sallie, who told of her personal struggles when dealing with intersexuality. Sallie is an XX person who was exposed to progestin prenatally and was assigned at first as a female. She underwent no surgery at birth, but at the age of two was surgically transformed into a male in the early 1960's. She was raised as a male until age thirteen. When Sallie was thirteen she began to experience the first signs of feminine puberty, which she tried to unsuccessfully hide. She woke one morning with blood on her sheets and thought that she had contracted some mysterious disease, but eventually realized her lifelong feelings of "otherness" was actually more than just the alienation of a sensitive and lonely young boy. When she found out she was a hermaphrodite she said that it actually felt like a crash in her head - the train wreck of truth. Some people had told her that she was lucky to have had a choice of which sex she wanted to be. She disagreed by stating, "The choice is really just a chance to screw up your life even more at an age when you should be coping with the first stages of growing up. It is a no-win choice. Normal people don't choose which sex they are...they just are. Int ...

Defining Criminal Justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Defining Criminal Justice - Assignment Example Introduction Criminal justice refers to the structure of institutions and procedures aimed at promoting social control and moderating crime by enforcing penalties and rehabilitation efforts to those who violate laws. In American, criminal justice is administered through the criminal justice system that comprises three constituents, that is the legislative, which makes laws, adjudication, which represents the court system and corrections, which consists of jails, prisons, parole and probation systems. All these groups of persons work together to uphold the rule of law. However, the criminal justice process moves from policing, courts and eventually corrections. Law enforcement or police is the initial contact point between an offender and the criminal justice, making arrests and conducting investigations to gather evidence on crimes committed. Evidence gathered is presented to the courts for adjudication and prosecution of offenders before sentenced offenders are taken to correctional facilities. ... When delving into the various media used to illustrate various aspects of criminal justice, we shall focus firstly on those that represent the police, secondly, we shall look into those that illustrate the courts or adjudication system and lastly correctional facilities. Media on Policing Some of the acclaimed movies and television shows that highlight the policing aspect of criminal justice include Law and Order and The Untouchables (1). Law and Order is a television series aired on NBC showing the policing aspect of criminal justice. The series, which is based on real life events, focuses on crime investigations and suspect apprehension by the police. It also highlights the processes involved in investigations, for instance, forensic analysis of evidence, procedures of receiving warrants from the courts and police involvement in prosecution of suspects through testimonies and presenting evidence (2). For example, an episode in the first season of Law and Order entitled Subterraean Homeboy Blues depicts real life happenings where the police were instrumental in bringing Bernhard Hugo Goetz to justice after he shot four men who attempted to mug him on a New York subway train. The police gathered evidence which led to Goetz’s conviction for illegally possessing a firearm. The Untouchables, on the other hand, centers on the corrupt aspect of law enforcement, the movie, released in 1987, is centered on the life of a gang leader and focuses on portraying the ills of law enforcement such as corruption and colluding with criminals (2). In this film, a large proportion of the police system is portrayed negatively as corrupt officers, who help gang leaders to take advantage

Communication in health and social care organisations Essay

Communication in health and social care organisations - Essay Example The essay will outline important factors that are known to have a huge impact on communication including values, culture legislations and other rules that govern the health and social care sector. The essay also gives suggestions on how communication can be improved to have a greater impact on health and social care. Additionally, the paper will give a discussion of basic software that are used by health practitioners, an evaluation of the advantages associated with such applications, a description of how this technology develops operations in the profession and examines the legal considerations that are important in the use of information and communication technology. The entity provides generalized care for patients with mental and physical illnesses. Patient-practitioner communication is vital in health care and service delivery. To begin with, health practitioners should exercise decorum while retrieving information from the patients. At times, the patients are writhing in pain, which affects communication. For example, in the case of Ann, she was feeling pain in a number of her body parts. This affected communication. Initially, she could speak. However, when the situation escalated, her words were slurred, due to the pounding headache. After a while, she could no longer speak. Secondly, there is an issue with the emergency telephone numbers in the healthcare system. Paul, Ann’s husband spent an arguably long time over the telephone trying to reach the emergency care numbers. This situation evidently shows that the healthcare system is not prepared for emergencies (Senker, 2013:14). For effective communication, there is a need for constant information flow from the sender to the receiver. However, when the means of comm unication are not effective, the information flow is distorted. Due to impending conditions, her husband

Transformative Learning Theory and Multiple Intelligences Essay Example for Free

Transformative Learning Theory and Multiple Intelligences Essay This writer reflection paper is about transformative learning theory and multiple intelligences. Sunny Cooper (2004) stated that â€Å"the study of transformational learning emerged with the work of Jack Mezirow (1981, 1994, 1997). Transformational learning is defined as learning that induces more far-reaching change in the learner than other kinds of learning, especially learning experiences which shape the learner and produce a significant impact, or paradigm shift, which affects the learners subsequent experiences† (para. 2). Cooper and Wallace (2004) stated that â€Å"transformational learning was reviewed in four areas: (1) theories of transformational learning, (2) roles of participants in transformative programs, including students and instructors, (3) course content, environments and instructional activities as they relate to transformational learning, and (4) challenges for instructors who teach transformational material† (para. 1). According to Armstrong (2009), â€Å"the theory of multiple intelligences was developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner, professor of education at Harvard University. It suggests that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited. Dr. Gardner proposes eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults. These eight intelligences are: Linguistic, Logical Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal and Naturalist† (para. 1). According to Wallace, she described Transformative Learning Theory as a adult education based theory that suggests ways in which adults make meaning of their lives. It looks at â€Å"deep learning,† not just content or process learning, as critical as those both are for many kinds of learning, and examines what it takes for adults to move from a limited knowledge of knowing what they know without questioning (usually from their cultures, families, organizations and society). It looks at what mechanisms are required for adults to identify, assess and evaluate alternative sources of information, often sources that may looks at how adults can identify,  assess and evaluate new information, and in some cases, reframe their world-view through the incorporation of new knowledge or information into their world-view or belief system. According to Mezirow (1991), the roles of participants in transformative programs, including students and instructors. The educators must help learners become aware and critical of their own and others assumptions. Learners need practice in recognizing frames of reference and using their imaginations to redefine problems from a different perspective (p. 11). According to Mezirow (1991), course content, environments and instructional activities help the students relate to transformational learning. The key idea is to help the learners actively engage the concepts presented in the context of their own lives and collectively critically assess the justification of new knowledge. According to Columbia University, the challenges for instructors who teach transformational material is very important because transformational teaching goal is to create independent, self directed, self-motivated learners who are capable of critiquing and directing their own work, who are open to alternative vie wpoints, and who have strongly developed higher order thinking skills (para 1). During the fifth week in class, this writer made up a question asking â€Å"In order to practice and teach transformative learning the instructor must experience transformative learning† The answer is True. This writer found one college on the Wed Site that teach instructor transformational learning. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/tat/pdfs/Transformational%20Teaching.pdf (Teacher Center located at the Columbia University in the city of New York. According to Armstrong (2009), Gardner, described the eight multiple intelligences theory in detail below and they are: 1. Linguistic Intelligence: the capacity to use language to express whats on your mind and to understand other people. Any kind of writer, orator, speaker, lawyer, or other person for whom language is an important stock in trade has great linguistic intelligence. Writers, poets, lawyers and speakers are among those that Howard Gardner sees as having high linguistic intelligence. 2. Logical/Mathematical Intelligence: the capacity to understand the underlying principles of some kind of causal system, the way a scientist or a logician does; or to manipulate numbers, quantities, and operations, the way a mathematician does. . In Howard Gardners words, it entails the ability to  detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically. This intelligence is most often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking. 3. Musical Rhythmic Intelligence: the capacity to think in music; to be able to hear patterns, recognize them, and perhaps manipulate them. People who have strong musical intelligence dont just remember music easily, they cant get it out of their minds, its so omnipresen. According to Howard Gardner musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence. 4. Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence: the capacity to use your whole body or parts of your body (your hands, your fingers, your arms) to solve a problem, make something, or put on some kind of production. The most evident examples are people in athletics or the performing arts, particularly dancing or acting. Howard Gardner sees mental and physical activity as related. 5. Spatial Intelligence: the ability to represent the spatial world internally in your mind the way a sailor or airplane pilot navigates the large spatial world, or the way a chess player or sculptor represents a more circumscribed spatial world. Spatial intelligence can be used in the arts or in the sciences. 6. Naturalist Intelligence: the ability to discriminate among living things (plants, animals) and sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds, rock configurations). This ability was clearly of value in our evolutionary past as hunters, gatherers, and farmers; it continues to be central in such roles as botanist or chef. 7. Intrapersonal Intelligence: having an understanding of yourself; knowing who you are, what you can do, what you want to do, how you react to things, which things to avoid, and which things to gravitate toward. We are drawn to people who have a good understanding of themselves. They tend to know what they can and cant do, and to know where to go if they need help. 8. Interpersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand other people. Its an ability we all need, but is especially important for teachers, clinicians, salespersons, or politicians -anybody who deals with other people. During my teenage years, this writer assumed that people were born with special brains, special brains cells or special pysch power to out perform other people normal ability with in the eight multiple intelligences group. According to Gardner, he stated that it true that some people possesses all eight intelligences and can develop all eight to a reasonable level of competence. This writer knowledge from the class discussions and assigned  reading on multiple intelligences had enhance my understanding why some people exciled more in one or all of the multiple intelligence group. This writer no longer feels insecure to other people with a higher intelligence then mine. This writer multiple intelligence is the naturalist intelligence because I enjoy planting flowers in the garden and growing variety of vegetable in the garden. During the sixth week in class, this writer made up a question asking â€Å"Why did Dr. Howard Gardner introduce the multiple intelliences theory?† This writer answer was â€Å"Dr. Howard Gardner introduced the theory of multiple intelligences in his classic book, Frames of Mind in 1983. In this scholarly work Dr. Gardner provided extensive support for his proposition that there is more to intelligence than what shows up on an IQ score. Based on a unique definition of intelligence and eight criteria, he carefully describes how a broad array of evidence supports the powerful idea that the human mind possesses at least seven distinct forms of intelligence. In 1996 he added the eighth intelligence to the list, Naturalist, in recognition that the understanding of living things is not sufficiently covered by the original se ven intelligences. http://www.miresearch.org/mi_theory.html this web site gives you more in-depth detail about Dr. Howard Gardner and his eight multiple intelligences theory. According to Mezirow (1991) Transformative Learning Theory provides a structure and process through which to better understand adult growth and development. Early theorists including Jean Piaget and Maria Montessori, developed very thorough theories about childhood development and for years few scholars probed how adults learn and make meaning of their lives. Mezirow (1991) study on women returning to school as adults, discovered much of what we now know as Transformative Learning Theory, a theory that started with Mezirow and has been greatly enriched by many others. This writer is a transformative learning because I am a female adult over fifth years old and it is hard trying to re-train my brain to retain new information. The instructors and other staff members at Spring Arbor University helped developed my â€Å"frame of reference† by motivating me to enhance my mind by learning new information. According to Jack Mezirow (1991) the â€Å"frame of reference is defined as â€Å" Adults have acquired a coherent body of experience associations, concepts, values, feelings, conditioned response called frames of reference that define a  person life world. Frames of reference are the structures of assumptions through which a person understand the experiences. A frame of reference encompasses cognitive, co-native, and emotional components, and is composed of two dimensions, habits of mind and a point of view† (p. 5). References Cooper, Sunny., (2004). Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology: Jack Mezirow Transformational Theory. Retrieved December 14, 2012, http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/humanist/mezirow.html Mezirow, Jack, (1991). Article called Transformative learning: Theory to practice (pp. 5- 11). Retrieved December 12, 2012 and Web Sit http://www.lifecircles- inc.com/Learningtheories/humanist/mezirow.html Smith, Mark K. (2002, 2008). Howard Gardner and multiple intelligences, the encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved December 14, 2012, http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm. Wallace, Scott., (no year). Transformative learning Theory. Retrieved December 14, 2012., http://transformativelearningtheory.com/